Ubuntu19.04安装（LNMP）Nginx、MySQL5.7、PHP7.3运行环境|转载自犯二青年的博客

前言：估计很多人可能会好奇，我以前不是一直喜欢使用Apache的么，怎么突然间开始喜欢上了Nginx了呢？啊哈哈哈哈，其实我是被Nginx的反向代理和均衡负载所吸引了，后面我写walle半自动化部署平台的安装时，也许你们就能明白Nginx的优点了，这里就不多说了，有兴趣的同学可以去百度搜索一下Nginx和Apache的一些优缺点。为了写这一篇文章，我可是重新搭建了一台虚拟机了，截图为证，刚搭完的，还是新鲜的，来来来，赶紧趁热。

这里我安装的是Ubuntu19.04，最新版的Ubuntu桌面系统了，优化了整体的UI，如果配置足够装成双系统，可能可以如丝般顺滑呢。

一、配置apt源为阿里云的源

配置源是为了快速的下载嘛，这几年阿里为我们开发者做了不少贡献，有能力的可以去开台服务器啦，学生机一个月才10块钱，不少学生机一个月大概30来块吧，话不多说，进入正题。

1、安装vim编辑器

sudo apt install -y vim

1	sudo apt install -y vim

2、备份apt源的配置文件：

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

1	sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

作为一个好的开发者一定要学会备份。

3、打开apt源的配置文件

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

1	sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

4、清空sources.list文件内的所有内容，vim命令模式下输入下面命令

:%d

:%d

5、把下面的阿里云源复制到sources.list文件内

## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance
## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.
## if you wish to make changes you can:
## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg
##     or do the same in user-data
## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d
## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'
## repository.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance

## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle.

## if you wish to make changes you can:

## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg

## or do the same in user-data

## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d

## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to

# newer versions of the distribution.

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the

## distribution.

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu

## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any

## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu

## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to

## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in

## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu

## security team.

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic multiverse

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from the 'backports'

## repository.

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as

## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes

## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.

## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review

## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's

## 'partner' repository.

## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the

## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.

# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu bionic partner

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security main

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe

deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe

# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse

6、保存并退出，vim命令行模式下输入以下命令

:wq

:wq

7、更新apt源

sudo apt update

1	sudo apt update

二、安装Nginx服务器

sudo apt install -y nginx

1	sudo apt install -y nginx

等待安装完毕后，我们打开浏览器输入127.0.0.1测试看看，出现以下画面就说明安装成功了

三、安装php7.3

本来想讲安装7.2的，这样可能会方便一些，不过想了一下，php7.4都快要出来了，况且我自己也用着php7.3也没啥问题，直接讲最新的吧。但是Ubuntu的阿里云源还没更新到PHP7.3，这里我们就要手动添加ppa源了，不知道ppa源是什么的可以去百度一下吧，这里就不做多余的解释了。

1、安装software-properties程序，为了方便我们使用ppa源下载

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

1	sudo apt-get install software-properties-common

2、添加PHP的ppa源

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

1	sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

3、更新apt源

sudo apt-get update

1	sudo apt-get update

4、安装php7.3

sudo apt-get install -y php7.3 php7.3-fpm

1	sudo apt-get install -y php7.3 php7.3-fpm

这里不仅限于安装php7.3了，想安装PHP7.2的可以把7.3换成7.2，看你们想要什么版本就安装什么版本，这里我以最新的去讲。

安装快要结束了，apt给我们报了个错误，如下图：

看到错误了，先不要慌，看看报错上写的是什么，错误上说Apache未能启动或启动失败，我一想，会不会是Ubuntu19.04上预装了Apache，来检查一下就知道了，输入如下命令：

apache2 -v

1	apache2 -v

果然，Apache不愧是老大哥啊，咋哪都有他，不过没事，看图中PHP7.3是安装上的了，你们也可以自己检查一下，命令为：

php -v

php -v

既然PHP没问题，那么我们把Apache给干掉把，我这人强迫症，留着碍眼，万一哪天Nginx报错了就有可能是Apache搞的鬼，输入以下命令卸载掉Apache和其的相关依赖：

sudo apt autoremove -y apache2

1	sudo apt autoremove -y apache2

到这里PHP就安装完了，需要安装一些别的扩展的，可以去根据自己的PHP版本去apt源里搜索对应的扩展进行安装

四、安装MySQL5.7

1、这里我们安装mysql-server和mysql-client就可以了，默认会给我们装上最新的MySQL5.7了，如果不是默认的再卸载，指定版本就行了

sudo apt install -y mysql-server mysql-client

1	sudo apt install -y mysql-server mysql-client

2、修改MySQL的配置文件让我们可以无密码登录，以为目前MySQL默认生成的密码我们还不知道，MySQL配置文件在/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf下，我们打开他在里面加上一行代码，让其可以无密码登录

vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

1	vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

在/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf文件下的mysqld区块内，添加如下代码

skip-grant-tables

1	skip-grant-tables

如图：

然后重启我们的MySQL服务

service mysql restart

1	service mysql restart

3、修改MySQL的密码，首先登录mysql的命令行，命令如下

mysql -u root -p

1	mysql -u root -p

这里直接按回车就行了，因为我们刚刚设置了无密码登录的

进入到命令行后，我们输入如下命令：

//使用mysql表

use mysql;

1	use mysql;

//更改mysql5.7下root用户的密码为root

update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("root")where user='root';

1	update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("root")where user='root';

//更新mysql密码表

update user set plugin="mysql_native_password";

1	update user set plugin="mysql_native_password";

//刷新权限

flush privileges;

1	flush privileges;

//退出mysql命令行

exit;

exit;

然后别忘了去把我们的无密码登录那一行代码删除掉，修改过后如图：

这里我刚好看到一段代码：bind-address = 127.0.0.1，我建议这里把这行代码注释掉，因为这个是绑定了访问MySQL的地址，如果想要开启远程登录访问的话就把这句话注释掉，当然如果你习惯在Ubuntu里面操作MySQL我也没啥意见。

然后重启mysql服务

service mysql restart

1	service mysql restart

接下来我们再次登录MySQL，先不输入密码，直接按回车出现下图：

这说明mysql不能无密码登录了，接下来看看输入正确密码能不能进去了，如图：

这就进入当MySQL的命令行界面了，我们可以看到我们的版本为：MySQL5.7.27

但是外界还是无法访问MYSQL的ip地址的~本地用Navicat之类的软件连接会报1030错误

解决方案:

修改mysql配置文件

进入:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d文件将bind-address改为0.0.0.0(允许任何人)

然后进入mysql终端

执行以下命令:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON . TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '您的数据库密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;

刷新权限:

命令: flush privileges;

到这里MySQL也安装完毕了，本想结束本次教程的，但是为了方便下一篇文章写walle半自动化部署平台的安装，我还是给大家推荐安装一些常用的软件吧。怎么用我就不讲了，先安装着吧！

五、安装Git分布式版本控制器

sudo apt install -y git

1	sudo apt install -y git

六、安装composer扩展包管理工具

sudo apt install -y composer

1	sudo apt install -y composer

七、到这也接近尾声了，来我们测试一下吧，还是老办法，用php探针网页访问一下看能不能访问到，并且查看本机PHP的信息了

1、首先不用想我都知道肯定是不行的了，因为Nginx还没有配置php的位置呢，他怎么知道php交给谁处理。

2、打开Nginx的配置文件，默认是在/etc/nginx下的，如图

Nginx默认的虚拟主机目录在/etc/nginx/sites-available下，所以我们进入这个目录，如图有个default文件

打开这个default文件

sudo vim default

1	sudo vim default

如图这一块地方是Nginx处理PHP文件的地方，我们要将这个东西指向我们本地的php运行端口，或者直接指向.sock文件，如图：

我们将图中红框圈住的内容解除注释，并修改为如下代码：

location ~ \.php$ {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
                fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
                fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
                include fastcgi_params;
        }

location ~ \.php$ {

include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;

fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

include fastcgi_params;

}

如图所示：

顺便我们翻上去看看网址的根目录在哪，如图：

然后这里再顺路把server_name改了，改为localhost，如图：

保存退出后，重启一下Nginx服务

service nginx restart

1	service nginx restart

然后再重启一下php-fpm服务

service php7.3-fpm restart

1	service php7.3-fpm restart

然后在我们刚刚看到的网址根目录下创建一个index.php文件

sudo vim /var/www/html/index.php

1	sudo vim /var/www/html/index.php

在文件里面写如下内容：

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

<?php

phpinfo();

然后打开网页访问：localhost/index.php

如果和下图一样，则说明环境搭建成功了。

结语：到这里搭建过程就结束了，这一下子码了两千字年轻人也顶不住了，休息一下，walle的文章明天再写，还有你们可能会觉得Nginx比较麻烦把，过几天再写一篇Nginx配置虚拟主机的一些优化文章出来吧，感谢大家的阅读点个赞再走吧！

环境搭建

兰陵美酒郁金香

大道至简 Simplicity is the ultimate form of sophistication.

文章评论（0）

你必须登录才能发表评论